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by Robert Giordano, created 21 Aug 2019 5:11pm
21 August 2019
Edgar Allan Poe's short story The Gold Bug is about finding buried pirate treasure. In the story, Mr. Legrand explains how he solved a cryptogram, revealing the location of the treasure. The encoded message given in the story can actually be solved in real life!! The problem is, there are errors in many of the available texts. In this essay, I will document those errors, explain the solution to the cryptogram, and show you how to create and solve your own encrypted messages.
I've been interested in cryptography, the art of writing and solving codes, since I was 10 years old. At 13, I became fascinated with computers, programming, and "hacking". It was about this time I also became a huge fan of Edgar Allan Poe. Imagine my excitement the first time I read the Gold Bug with its encrypted message. I checked the first few characters of the cryptogram and sure enough, if you follow Legrand's instructions, those symbols convert to the words, "a good glass..." I didn't need to solve the rest. I assumed it was all correct. Years later, I discovered I was wrong...
One day, I was reading The Gold Bug from my hardcover volume, "The Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe", from Barnes and Noble. Just for fun, or perhaps because of the way my brain works, I decided to count the characters in the cryptogram and compare the total to the answer quoted on my website. They were different!! Now that my curiosity was aroused, I decided to solve the cryptogram on paper. Was there a flaw in my Poe anthology??
Next, I looked at both printed and online versions of "The Gold Bug" and I found many differences!! When I narrowed it down, there were two distinct versions and a number of smaller mistakes that I believe were the result of printing or scanning errors.
Poe knew what he was doing when it came to cryptography. He challenged readers to send in their own cryptograms and he solved every single one. In the December 1839 issue of the Alexander's Weekly Messenger, Poe claimed he could solve any cipher that readers cared to submit...
"It would be by no means a labor lost to show how great a degree of rigid method enters into enigma-guessing. This may sound oddly; but it is not more strange than the well know fact that rules really exist, by means of which it is easy to decipher any species of hieroglyphical writing -- that is to say writing where, in place of alphabetical letters, any kind of marks are made use of at random. For example, in place of A put % or any other arbitrary character --in place of B, a *, etc., etc. Let an entire alphabet be made in this manner, and then let this alphabet be used in any piece of writing. This writing can be read by means of a proper method. Let this be put to the test. Let any one address us a letter in this way, and we pledge ourselves to read it forthwith--however unusual or arbitrary may be the characters employed. " [source]
I don't believe Poe made these errors in his original cryptogram for The Gold Bug. We all make mistakes so of course its possible, but there are multiple errors. Also, there are TWO DIFFERENT versions of the cryptogram itself!! Lets begin by working backwards from the solution(s).
The first solution to Poe's original cryptogram, published 1843, in the Dollar Newspaper reads:
A good glass in the bishop's hostel in the devil's seat forty-one degrees and thirteen minutes northeast and by north main branch seventh limb east side shoot from the left eye of the death's-head a bee line from the tree through the shot fifty feet out. [source]
A second solution to Poe's cryptogram appears as follows:
A good glass in the bishop's hostel in the devil's seat twenty-one degrees and thirteen minutes northeast and by north main branch seventh limb east side shoot from the left eye of the death's-head a bee line from the tree through the shot fifty feet out. [source1] [source2]
The only difference in the two solutions is "forty" in the first, and "twenty" in the second. From here on I will refer to them as the "forty" and "twenty" versions. Each version of the story also repeats the word "forty" or "twenty" as appropriate. The cryptogram is also different in each version.
Since 2005, when I built Poestories.com, I've been using the "twenty" version. It is the same version used on the Wikipedia page (as of 22 Aug 2019).
My Poe anthology from Barnes and Noble uses the "forty" version, which is why the cryptogram in the book differed from the one on my site by a few characters. Other books and online sources have one or the other.
I have just edited the text of The Gold Bug on Poestories.com to use the "forty" version. Why do this after 14 years? Why go against the Wikipedia version? Because I think its the most accurate thing to do and I'm hoping the people who maintain the Wikipedia page and other pages around the internet will agree with me.
In ALL VERSIONS of the story, Legrand counts the symbols in the message and constructs a table of the letter frequencies:
Of the character 8 there are 33.
; " 26.
4 " 19.
) " 16.
‡ " 16.
* " 13.
5 " 12.
6 " 11.
†" 8.
1 " 8.
0 " 6.
9 " 5.
2 " 5.
: " 4.
? " 3.
¶ " 2.
- " 1.
. " 1.
This table is the same in every version of the story, regardless of whether it uses "forty" or "twenty". If the cryptogram uses "twenty", the numbers in the table are WRONG !!
Comparing the "forty" and "twenty" versions, we get:
Character "forty" "twenty"
8 33 34
; 26 27
* 13 14
1 8 7
I don't think Poe miscounted the letters 4 times when he was writing the story! I also realize this doesn't affect how people enjoy the story. I'm sure 99.9 percent of the time, people aren't going to count the characters and try to solve the cryptogram themselves.
But, Poe put a real cryptogram in his story, and he actually teaches you how to solve it through Legrand's dialog. I don't think Poe intended to publish the story with the wrong information. This is why I have switched to the "forty" version, which I believe was Poe's original.
I wish it was just a simple matter of choosing the "forty" or "twenty" version, but alas, there are other problems. Many versions of the text have other errors in the cryptogram. These are either printing errors or scanning errors made when people scanned the original text for online use. Again, I know these errors don't prevent anyone from enjoying the story, but if they're easy enough to fix, why not do it? Why not restore one of Poe's masterpieces to its original perfection?
Lets take a look at the decoded "forty" cryptogram:
53‡‡†305))6*;4826)4‡.)4‡);80
agoodglassinthebishopshostel
6*;48†8¶60))85;1‡(;:‡*8†83(88)
inthedevilsseatfortyonedegrees
5*†;46(;88*96*?;8)*‡(;485);5*â€
andthirteenminutesnortheastand
2:*‡(;4956*2(5*-4)8¶8*;40692
bynorthmainbranchseventhlimb
85);)6†8)4‡‡;1(‡9;48081;8:8‡1
eastsideshootfromthelefteyeof
;48†85;4)485†528806*81(‡9;48
thedeathsheadabeelinefromthe
;(88;4(‡?34;48)4‡;161;:188;‡?;
treethroughtheshotfiftyfeetout
There are 203 characters in the "forty" cryptogram.
I already mentioned that my Poe Anthology from Barnes and Noble uses the "forty" version. Here are two more vintage Poe books that I own:
I think I made the right choice to switch to the "forty" version. I'm not sure how the "twenty" version came to be. Maybe another editor changed it?
Lets look at some of the most popular online texts:
I'm going to send a few emails and hopefully some of these errors will be corrected. When they are, I will update this post.
If you want to learn more about solving these types of puzzles or you want to create your own encoded messages, I've created a few simple tools to help you:
If you have any questions or comments, please post them below. Thanks!
- Robert
27 Aug 2019 4:34pm, anonymous
"Just thought you should know Wikisource (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tales_(Poe)/The_Gold-Bug">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tales_(Poe)/The_Gold-Bug</a>) has the same version of the cryptogram as yours, and it solves correctly with no errors. Maybe show that to Wikipedia?"
